Internal-combustion engine.



C. M. BILLINGS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 13, 1911.

1,053,700. I Patented Feb; 18,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR:

1r I CemlM. 1311111355, 1% (w 915 Jim/M ATTORNEYS C. M. BILLINGS.INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION rum) JULY 12. 1911.

1,053,700. Patented Feb. 18,1913.

3 SIIBBTSSIIEBT 2.

WITNESSES: Ill VENTOR I gig/7f Banal M.B111Zix55,

A TTORNEVS C. M. BILLINGS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 13, 1011.

1,053,700. Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES. INVENTOR:

Basil 148111295, gar/M 31 mi fim A TTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CECIL M. BILLINGS, F NEWA 'RK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF T0 JOHNG. REICHSTETTER, 0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINEI Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 18, 1913.

all whom-it may concern:

Be it known that I, Cncn. M. BILLrNcs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Sewark, in the county of Essex and State oi, New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful- Improvements inInternal-Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others-skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same, ref-- erence being had to the accom anying drawings, and tocharacters of re erence marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification;

The present. invention has reference, generally,to improvements ininternal combustion engines; and, theinvention refers, more especially,to improvements in internal combastionengines of the two-cycle type.

The present invention has for its principal object to provide a novelconstruction of two-cycle lnternal combustion engine which is providedwith a novel means for controllingand roperly timing the feeding of thecombustl legas to the combustion chambers of the cylinders of theengine;

- A further object of the present invention is to provide a novelconstruction of rotary 'v'alve mechanism, and operating means therefor,,ada ted to control the passage of the combustibqe gas from thecarbureter into the cylinders of the engine.

Other objects of the present invention,

not at this time more particularly enumera'ted, will be clearlyunderstood from the following detailed description of the same.

'With these various objects of the present invention in view, the saidinvention consi'sts, primarily, in the novel construction of internalcombustion engine hereinafter set forth; and, furthermore, the inventionconaistsl in the novel arrangements and combinations of the variousdevices and parts, as 4 well as in the details of the constructionthereof, all of which will be more fully described in the followingspecification, .and then finally embodied in the clauses of the claimwhich are appended to and whlch form an essential part of thisspecification. 'The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section through oneof the cylinders of a two-cylinder internal'i-combustion engine madeaccording to and embodyin the principles of the present invention; andFig. 2 is a transverse vertical section, said section being taken online 2-2 in said Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow :12.Figs. 3 and 4 are detail horizontal sectional representations taken online 3-3 and 4-4, respectively, in Fig. 1, looking in downwarddirections.

Similar characters of reference are employed in all of the hereinabovedescribed views, to indicate corresponding parts.

Referring now to the several figures of the said drawings, thereference-character 1 indicates a complete internal combustion engl emade according to and embodying the principles of the present invention,the same comprisin a pair of cylinder castings 2 and 3, each cyinder-casting being provided with a combustion chamber 4. Eachcombustionf chamber 4 is surrounded by a suitable chamher 5 which formsa water-jacket for cooling the combustion chamber. Located beneath eachchamber 4 is an annular exhaust chamher 6, the walls 7 of which areprovided with suitably disposed ports or openings 8,

affording communication between said exhaust chamber 6 and saidcombustion chamber 4.

herb is a gas-suction chamber 9 suitably formed in the lower portion ofeach cylinder-casting 2 and 3, and beneath each combustion chamber 4. I

Arranged in the head of each cylindercasting 2 and 3, and above eachcombustion chamber 4, is a gas-inlet chamber 10, said chamber 10 beingprovided with inlet passages 11 communicating with the exterior ofsaidcylinder-castings. Connecting said gas-inlet chambers wlth saidcombustion chambers 4 are valve-ports 12, which are normally closed bymeans of puppet-valves 13, the stems 14 of which extend u wardly andoutwardly through said cylin er-castings 2 and 3. Each valve-stem 14 isprovided with a cap-piece 15 at is free end, suitable coiled sprmgs 16being arranged between said cap-pieces and said cylindercastings, tonormally maintain said puppet- 10 5 valves 13 in their closing relationwith said valve-ports 12, as will be clearly evident. The outer walls ofsaid cylinder-castings2 and 3 are provided with exhaust-ports 17 leadingfrom the said Suitably located below each eichaust cham- 85exhaust-chambers 6,

and suita ly eenneeted with the said exhaust-ports'17 are thepipe-connections 18 which carry off the consumed or burnt gases of theengine. In like manner, the outer walls of said cylinder-castings 2" and3 are provided vwith'gas-ports 19 which lead into said gas-suctionchambers 9. Arranged in an internally threaded receiving portion 20 ofeach cylinder-casting is a spark-plug 21, the inner endpdrtion of.whichpenetrates into the said combustion-chambers 4 of said with thelower endsof said primary pistonmembers 25, and/ referably formingintegral parts thereo, are secondary piston members 2'? of enlargeddiametenthe same being adapted to reciprocate within said gas-suctionchambers 9, simultaneously with the reciprocation of the said primarypis ton-members 25 within said combustionchambers 4.

The reference-character 28' indicates a cylindrical rotary-valve casingwhich is provided at its lower end'with an intake port 29 which isconnected with the carburetor so as to'feed the gas through said rotaryvalvemechanism. Connected with the lower end of said. rotary-valvecasing 28 .is a bearingmember 30 in which is journaled a rotaryvalve-shaft 31 which extends upwardly Within said casing 28, and'suitably'secured to said shaft 31 is a rotary valve-member comprising acylindrical body 32 having an interiorly arranged transverse wall orpar-.

tition 33 which divides the interior of said cylindrical body 32 into,an upper valve compartment 34 and a lower valve compartment 35. Thewalls of said cylindrical body 32 are provided with oppositely located.-valve-ports 36 and 37, said valve-port 36 communicating with said uppervalve compartment 34L, and said valve-port 37 communicating with saidlower valve-comparts ment 35. Connected -with said rotary- Valve casing28, and preferably forming an integral part thereof, is a tubularconduit 38, which extends from one side of said tary-valve casing and"provides agas-passage 39 in "communication with the gas-port 19 of thegas-suction chamber 9 of said cyla crank-shaft 24;. so as to reciprocatewithin the inder-casting 2; and, in like manner, there,

is connected with the opposite side of said rotary-valve casing 28, a'tubularponduit 40 whichzprovides a gas-passage 41 in communication" withthe gas-port 19 of the gas suction chamber 9 of said. cylinder-castingrespective gas-passages 39 and 4,1 are in the l ne 0 7 path of travel ofsaid. val ve port 37 mmunicating .With the lower valve-compart-ment 35 0S id r tary valvemechanism. Connected with th said tubular conduit 38 isan elbow con nection 42 which provides a bypas g s-passage 43, aflordinga communication with .said upper valvecompartment 3 1 through thevalve-port 36; and, in like manner, there is connected with the saidtubular conduit 49 an elbow-connection .44 which provides a by-pass gaspassage 45, affording a communication with said upper valve compartment,3% through the valve-port 3.6. The upper-open end of Said r rye-easing'flii is connected with a branch .ijpe or member 4,6, the rightarm 47 of whic h communicates with the inlet-passage 11 of the gasinlet-chamber 10 of the cylinder-casting 2', and the left arm 48 ofwhich communicates with the inlet-pas sage 11 of the gas inlet-chamber10 of the I cylinder-casting Arranged in'the open end of saiduppervalve-compartment 34L of -the rotary valve-mechanism are f s orarms 49 wh h, when said rota y valve is rotated, serve to morethoroughly mix the. combustion gas as it passesthrough said rotaryvalve-mechanism. Journaled in suit able bearing-portions ,50, connectedwith said crank-casing 22, is a shaft 51 upon which is mounted a gear 52which meshes with a gear 53 secured to said rotary valve shaft 31.Secured upon said shaft 51 isa gear-wheel 54 which meshes with a drivinggear-wheel 55 mounted upon said crankshaft 24:, whereby said shaft ,51is driven and therotating of the rotary valve-mocha nism, in proper timewith the movements of the pistons of the engine, is accomplished. Asimilar shaft" 56 is mounted in 'said'cranlb casing 22, the same beingprovided with a gear-wheel 57 which also meshes with said drivinggear-wheel 55, whereby said shaft 56 is rotated. Mounted upon said shaft56 are suitable cam-members 58 which operatively engage thereciprocatingrods 59 so as to oscillate their respective puppet-valve.

levers 60 which are pivotallysupportedby the carrier-arms 61 suitablyconnected with th respective oylinder c ng 2 and 3, thus affording ameans-for operating, inproper time and manner, the respectlvepuppet-valves 13 to admit. the combustible as into the respectivecombustion chambers 4 of said cylinder-castings2 and 3. 1

Having thus described thedetail s'of the mechanisms comprising. thepresent invention it remains to describe the operation of the same. f ij v The pistons of the respective. cylinder castings 2 and 3 perform analternate recip rocation, as is usual in multiple cylinder engines. Upon,the firing of the combustible 130 gas delivered to the combustionchamber 4 of said cylinder-casting 2, the primary pisten 25 is drivendownwardly, so as to cause the secondary piston 27 to move downwardly inthe gas-suction chamber 9. The suction created in said gas-suctionchamber 9 draws the gas from the carbureter into said rotaryvalve-casing 28, and into the lower valvecompartment 35, whereby therotary valveeylinder 32 is turned into such a position that thevalve-port 37 registers with said piston in said cylinder-casting 2moves in an upward direction. The upward movement of the piston 25 andits secondary piston 27 in said cylinder-casting 2 drives the gas out ofsaid gas-suction chamber 9 through said passage 39, and the by-passgaspassage 43. In the meantime, the rotary valve-cylinder 32 has beenturned to close the end'of said passage 39 and open the-bypass passage43, so as to admit the gas through the valve-port 36 and into the uppervalve-compartment 34, when it passes through the branch-pipe or member46. In the meantime, the cam-member operating the puppet-valve admittingthe gas into-the combustion chamber 4 of said cylinder-casting 3 hasopened, so that said fresh charge of gas flows into said combustionchamber 4, driving out the burnt or exploded gases in saidcylinder-casting 3 throu 'h the exhaust ports and chamber of saidcylinder casting 3. The pistons of said cylindercasting 2 in themeantime have reached the top of the stroke, and the gas previouslydelivered to the combustion chamber of said cylinder-casting 2 is fired,whereby the pistons again move downward, and the pistons of saidcylinder-casting 3 move upwardly, compressing the gas delivered to thecombustion chamber of said cylinder-casting 3 which is again fired whensaid pistons reach the top of the stroke. The above op erations arealternated ineach cylinder, as will be clearly apparent. Thus it will beunderstood, that as one cylinder is fired the piston draws a charge ofgas which is to be delivered to the other cylinder through said rotaryvalve-mechanisms.

I am aware that changes may be made in the various arrangements and,combinations of the several devices and parts, and in the features ofmypresent invention, without departing from the scope thereof asdescribed in the foregoing specification, and

its

transverse partition divi defined in the claims appended thereto. Hence,I do not limit my invention to the exact arrangements and combinationsof the variousdeviccsand parts as herein set forth, and as illustratedin the accompanying drawings, nor do I confine myself to the exactdetails of the construction of the said parts.

I claim:- v

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination withcylinder-castings each respectively provided with a combustion chamberand gas suction-chamber, of a compound piston, comprising a primarypiston and a secondary piston reciprocating respectively in saidcombustion chamber and said gas suction-chamber of each cylindercasting,a rotary-valve casing provided with means for connecting thesame ,toacarbureter, gas-conduits connecting said rotaryvalve casin wit-h thegas suction-chambers of said cylinder castings, a branched pipeconnecting said rotary-valve casing with said combustion chambers ofsaid cylinder castings, a rotary-valve mechanism arranged in sald rotaryval've-casmg for alternately opening communication between sald gassuction-chambers and the carburetor, and

between the gas suction chamber of one cylinder-casting and thecombustion chamber of the other cylinder-casting, comprising acylindrical body open at each endpa ing said cylindrical body into anupper valve-compartment and a lower valve-compartment, said cylindricalbody being provided on one side with a valve-port adapted to registerwithsaid gas-conduits to establish communication with said u pervalve-compartment and on the other si' e with a valve port also adaptedto register with said gas-conduitsto estab- --lish communication withsaid lower valvecompartment, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

2. In an internal combustion'engine, the combination withcylinder-castings each respectively provided with a combustionchamberand gas suction-chamber, of a compound piston, comprising a primarypiston and a secondary. piston reciprocat ing respectively in saidcombustion chamber and said gas-suction chamber of each cylindercasting, a rotary-valve casingprovided with means for connecting thesame to a carbureter, gas-conduits connecting saidrota'ryvalve casingwith the gas suction-chambers of said cylinder-castings, a branched pipeconnecting said f rotary-valve casing with said'combustion chambers ofsaid cylinder castings, a rotary valve-mechanism arranged in saidrotary-valve casing for alternately opening communication between saidgas suction-chambers and the carburetor. and between the gassuction-chamber of one cyl inder-casting and the combustion chamber ofthe other cylinder-casting, comprising a- ;-cylindrical body open ateach end, a transverse partition dividing said cylindrical body into anupper valve compartment and a. lower valve-compartment, said cylindricalbody being provided on one side with a valve-port adapted toj'egisterwith said gas conduits to establish communication with said uppervalve-compartment and on the other side with a valve-port also adaptedto register with said gas-conduits to establish communication with saidlower valvecompartment, and means driven from the crank shaft of saidinternal combustion en- .ili

n1sm,'.substant1ally as and for the gine for operating said rotaryvalve-mechapurposes set forth,

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination withcylinder-castings each respectively, provided with a combustion chamberand vgas suction-chamber, of a compound; -pi'ston','comprising a primarypiston andzi'secondary piston reciprocating respectively in saidcombustion chamber and said gassuction chamber of each cylinder-cast mga rotary-valve casing provided with means for connecting the same toa"carbureter, gas-conduitsconnecting said rotary-- q-valve 'casin withthe gas suction chambers 20f said cyhnder. castings, a branched pipe 5connecting said rotary-valve casing with said combustion chambers ofsaid cylinder castings, a rotary valve-mechanism arranged in saidrotary-valve [Suction-chambers and the carbureter, and between the gassuction-chamber of one cylinder-casting and the combustion chamber I ofthe other cylinder-casting, comprising a 40 verse partition dividingsaid \cylindrical cylindrical body open at each end, a transbody into anupper valve-compartment and lower valve-compartment, said cylindricalbody being provided on one side with a valve-port dapte'd to register.with said gas conduits td establish communication with said uppervalve-compartment and on the other side with a valve-port also adaptedto register with said gas-conduits to establish 0 mmunication with saidlo-wer valve-comptrtment, a valve-shaft upon which said cylindrical bodyis mounted, a gear on said valve-shaft, and means for driving said Icasing for alternately {opening communication between said gas having a1 i on one side with a valve=p0rt communicatin said rotary casing,compris ng a cylindrical body pe at Babb and; trans verse partitionlllYld g i 1 cylindrical- .body into upper valve-c mp r and a. lowervalve eompartmon g said cylindrical body being provided on one side witha valve-port communicating with said upper valve-compartment and on theother side with a valve-port communicating with said lowervalve-compartment, a valve-shaft for rotatably mounting aid cylin ri albody, oppositely extending tubula condu ts, h

nected with said valve as ng od'oommani eating atone cad with the gasuction-c em: bers of said cylinder castings, the other end of saidconduits lying in the pa f rota tion of said valve-p rtcommuni ati gWith saidlower valve-compartmen an el wmember connect'd With. each ofSilld 1 duits and in communication therewith, passage of saidelbow-members lying the path of rotation of said valveport communicatingwith said upper valve-compartment, and a branched-pipe connected withsaid rotary valvo casing abov s id rota y valve-mechanism, thesame-providing on: necting gas'passage's loading from said valvemechanism to the'respoctive gas inlet-charm bers of saidcyiindercastings, sub ta y as and for the purposes set fo th.-

5. In an internal combustion eng n the combination withcylindermastingshach spectively provided with a combustion chamber,agas-inlet chamber having a valve-port communicating with saidcombustion cham her, and a gassuctio-n-chamber, of a com.- pound piston,comprising a primary piston and a secondary piston reciprocatingrespectively in the combustionl hambcr and the gas suction-chamber ofeach yl nder-r casting, puppet-valves normally closi g said valve-portsbetween said gas inlet-chamb rs and said combustion chambers, means foroperating said puppet-valves, a rotary-valve casing provided with meansfor conne ting the same with a carbureter, a rotary valvemechanismmounted in said rotary-valve casing, comprising a cylindrical bodyopenat each end, a transverse partition dividing said cylindrical body intoan upper valve/ compartment and a lower valve-compart ment, saidcylindrical body being provided ing with said upper valve-compartmentand onthe other side with a valve-port com- "municating with said lowervalve-compute castings,

ment, a valve-shaft for rotatably mounting said cylindrical-body,oppositely extending tubular conduits connected with said valvecasmg andcommunicating at one end with the gas suction-chambers ofsaidcylindertheother end of said conduits lying in the path of rotation ofsaid valveport communicating with said lower valve- 7 gine-for operatingsaid rotary valve-mechasaid cylindrical body into an upper nism,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination with cylinder-castings each re-.

spectively provided with a combustion chamher, a gas-inlet chamberhaving a valve-port communicating with said combustion chamher," and a,gas suction-chamber, of a compound piston, comprising a primary pistonand. a secondary piston reciprocating respectively in the combustionchamber and the gas suction-chamber of each cylindercasting, pupet-valves normally closing said valve-port etween said gasinlet-chambers and said combustion chambers, means for operating saidpuppetwalves, a rotary-valve basing provided with means for connectingthe same with a carbureter, a rotary valvemechanism mounted in saidrotary-valve.

casing, comprising a cylindrical body open at each end, a transversepartition dividing valvecompartmen and a lower valve-compartment, said olindrical body being provided on one side with a valve-portcommunicating with said upper valve-compartment and on the other sidewith a valve-port communicatingwith said lower valve-compartment, avalve-shaft for rotatably mounting said cylindrical body, oppositelyextending tubular conduits connected with said valvecasing andcommunicating at one end with the gas suction-chambers of saidcylindercastings, the other ends of said conduits lying in the path ofrotation of said valveport communicating with said lowervalvecompartment, an elbow-member connected with each of said conduitsand in communication therewith, the passage of said elbowmembers lyingin the path of rotation of said valve-port communicating with saiduppervalve-compartments, and a branchedpipe connected with saidrotary-valve casing above said rotary valve-mechanism, the sameproviding connecting gas-passages leading from said valve-mechanism tothe respective gas inlet-chambers of said cylindencastmgs, meansfor-rotating said rotary valve-mechanisms comprising a crank-shaft, ashaft geared in connection with. said crank-shaft, and a pair ofintermeshing gears, one being secured to said shaft an the other to saidvalve-shaft, sust-antially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a pair ofcylinder-castlngs, each cylinder-casting comprising a combustion chamberand a gas-suction chamber, and a reciprocatory piston in eachcylinder-casting, of a rotary-valve casing provided with a gas-intakepassage, a rotary valve-member within said valve casing, and meansconnected with said rotary valvemember for dividing said member into anupper and a lower valve-compartment, said rotary valve-member beingprovided with a valve-portin communication with said uppervalve-compartment, said rotary valve being provided also with anothervalveport in communication w'ith'js'aid lower valve-compartment, andgas-conveying conduits extending mm said rotary-valve casing andconnected with both the combustion chambers and the gas-suction chambersof said cylinder-castings.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination with a pair of cylinder-castings, each cylinder-castingcomprising a combustion chamber and a gas-suction chamber, and areciprocatory piston in each .cylinder-casting, of a rotary-valve casingprovided with a gas-intake passage, a rotary valve-member within saidvalve casing, and

means connected with said rotary valvemember for dividing said memberinto an upper and a lower valve-compartment, said rotary valve-memberbeing provided with a valve-port in communication with said uppervalve-compartment, said rotary valve- 4 member being provided also withanother valve-port in communication with said lower valve-compartment,and as-conveying conduits extending from sai ing and connected with boththe combustion chambers and the gas-suction chambers of saidcylinder-castings, and fan-blades within the upper valve-compartment ofsaid rotary valve-member.

9. In an lnternal combustion engine, the

combination with cylinder-castings, each cylinder-casting being-providedwith azcombustion chamber and a gas-suction-chamber, of a compoundpiston within each cylinder-cast ing, each piston ton and a secondarypiston reciprocating respectively within the combustion chamber and thegas suction-chamber of each,cyl-

rotary-valve cascomprising a primary pisinder-casting, a rotary-valvecasing provided with means for connecting the same to a carbureter,gas-conduits connecting said rotary-valve casing with the gassuctionchambers of said cylinder-castings, a

branched pipe connecting the outlet end of said rotary-valve casing withthecombustion chambers of said cylinder-castings, a rotary-valvemechanism arranged within said rotary-valve opening communicationbetween said gas suction-chambers and the carburetor and also betweenthe gas suction-chamber of one cylinder-casting and the combustionchamber of the other cylinder-casting, said valve- Inechanism comprisinga cylindrical body open at each end, a transverse partition dividingsaid cylindrical body into an upper valve-compartment and a lowervalve-compartment, said cylindrical body being also provided on one sidewith a valve-port casing for alternately eesymo adapted to register Withsaid gasconduits to establish communication with said uppervalve-compartment, and a valve-port upon the other side of saidcylindrical body also adapted to register with said gas-conduits toestablish communication Withsaid lower valve-compartment, and fan-bladesconnected With said cylindrical body, said fanblades being arrangedwithin said upper valve-compartment and adapted to assist in propellingthe gas through the outlet end of said rotary-valve casing,substantially as and for the, purposes set forth.

In testimony, that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereuntoset my hand this 10th day of July, 191]??- CECIL M. BILLINGS Witnesses:

F REDK. C. FRAENTZEL, FREDK. H. W. F RAENTZEL.

